Identified (in his book ‘the Human Side of Enterprise’) two opposing attitudes towards the formal organisation of workers – Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X can be linked to the classical view and Frederic Taylor with regard to money being the main motivator and the need to supervise and control workers to ensure maximum productivity. Theory Y recognises the importance of Human Relations theories and higher order needs. If workers are perceived by managers as Theory X, then a more authoritarian form of organisational structure and managerial style, may be considered appropriate in order to ensure worker co-operation and productivity. If workers are perceived by managers to demonstrate aspects of Theory Y, then a more democratic approach may be required ie one which allows choice, spontaneity and involvement in decision-making. Motivational problems arise when employees who require and expect Theory Y management receive Theory X approaches, and vice versa.